Total marks: --
Total time: --
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Assume appropriate data and state your reasons
(2) Marks are given to the right of every question
(3) Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary


1 (a) With a general block diagram, explain the functions of each of the processor registers.
8 M
1 (b) Highlighting important technological features and advances, explain the evolution of computer over different generations.
8 M
1 (c) With suitable example, explain how performance is measured using SPEC rating and give its significance.
4 M

2 (a) Convert the following pair of decimal numbers into 5 bit singed 2's complement binary numbers and perform operations indicated. Also state if overflow occurs.
i) -10 and -13 (addition)
ii) -14 and 11 (subtraction)
iii) -3 and -8 (addition)
iv) -10 and -13 (subtraction)
8 M
2 (b) Given the following instruction, rewrite using only direct, indirect and immediate addressing modes to achieve the same effect: move 123 (R1, R2), (R3, R4).
5 M
2 (c) What is a stack frame? Explain its use in subroutines.
7 M

3 (a) What is an interrupt? Explain its concepts and the hardware used to realize it.
6 M
3 (b) What is the necessary of DMA? Explain the two modes in which DMA interface operates to transfer data.
6 M
3 (c) Explain the bus arbitration approaches with the help of neat sketches.
8 M

4 (a) Explain the combined input/output interface circuit, with help of a neat logic block diagram.
10 M
4 (b) With respect to USB, discuss the USB architecture, addressing and protocol adopted.
10 M

5 (a) With a block diagram, explain the organization of 8M×32 memory using 512 K×8 memory chips.
10 M
5 (b) Explain the working of a dynamic memory cell.
5 M
5 (c) What is memory interleaving? Explain.
4 M
5 (d) Calculate the average access time experienced by a processor if cache hit rate is 0.88. miss penalty is 0.015 milliseconds and cache access time is 10 micros seconds.
4 M

6 (a) Explain how virtual machine address translation based on fixed-length pages is organized and achieved.
8 M
6 (b) Explain the design of a 4-bit carry - look-ahead adder.
8 M
6 (c) Write a note on optical technology used in CD systems.
4 M

7 (a) Draw the circuit diagram for binary division. Explain the non-restoring division algorithm with suitable example.
10 M
7 (b) Explain the IEEE standard for floating point number representation.
10 M

8 (a) Mention and explain the control sequences for execution of an unconditional branch instruction.
10 M
8 (b) With a block diagram, explain the basic organization of a micro-programmed control unit.
10 M



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