GTU Civil Engineering (Semester 4)
Advanced Surveying
May 2014
Total marks: --
Total time: --
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Assume appropriate data and state your reasons
(2) Marks are given to the right of every question
(3) Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary


1 (a) Explain the term "Tacheometry". What are the applications of tacheometric survey? Mention the instruments used in tacheometric survey
4 M
1 (b) Discuss the Stadia system of tacheometric measurements.
4 M
1 (c) A tacheometer was set up at station A and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff.
Instrument Station Staff Station Vertical Station Staff Readings Remark
A BM -4° 22' 1.050, 1.105, 1.155 Rl of BM is
A B +10° 0' 0.955, 1.035, 1.160 1958.30 m

The constants of instruments were 100.0 and 0.10. Find the distance of BM from A and distance AB, and also find out RL of B.
6 M

2 (a) Distance between two proposed stations A and B in a triangulation is 100 km. 07 Elevation of station A is 200m while that of B is 500 m. There is two peaks C & D between A and B at a distance 40 and 70 km from A and is having an elevation of 160 and 265 m respectively. Ascertain whether A and B are intervisible. If not intervisible find the minimum height of tower is required at B, so that B is visible from A with a minimum clearance of 2.5 m above the surface of the ground.
7 M
2 (b) (1) Discuss uses of Triangulation survey
3 M
2 (b) (2) Give criteria for selection of triangulation figures.
4 M
2 (c) Differentiate between, Grid Iron and Central system of Primary triangulation.
7 M

3 (a) Discuss the types of errors.
4 M
3 (b) Define the terms; i) Independent Quantity, ii) Conditioned Quantity, iii) True Value of a Quantity, iv) Direct observations, v) Indirect observations, vi) Weight of an observation and vii) Most Probable Value.
6 M
3 (c) The following 10 readings were taken with a level under the identical conditions.
1.810, 1.825, 1.835, 1.805, 1.850, 1.825, 1.820, 1.840, 1.845 & 1.835 meters.
Calculate the probable error of single observation, probable error of the mean and the maximum error.
4 M
3 (d) Briefly explain: How measurement with EDM instruments differs from taping? What are the advantages of EDM measurement?
4 M
3 (e) List different types of EDM instruments and briefly write about each one of Them.
4 M
3 (f) Briefly Discuss these four basic types of total stations, i) Mechanical/Manual TS, ii) Motorized TS, iii) Auto lock TS and iv) Robotic/Automatic TS.
6 M

4 (a) Define the terms: i) Vertical photograph, ii) Tilted photograph and iii) Oblique photograph.
3 M
4 (b) Discuss in detail, Flight planning for aerial photogrammetry.
6 M
4 (c) To determine the average scale of an aerial photograph, three points A, B and C were selected. Their elevations were obtained from a contoured map as 1400m, 900m, and 1100m. If the flying height of the aircraft above mean sea level is 3500 m and the focal length of the camera lens is 160 mm, calculate the average scale of the aerial photograph.
5 M
4 (d) Two points A and B which appear in a vertical photograph taken from a camera having focal length of 220 mm and from an altitude of 2800 m, have their elevations as 400 m and 600 m, respectively. Their corrected photo coordinates are as under:
Point Photo coordinates
x (mm) y (mm)
a +23.8 +16.4
b -13.6 -29.7

Determine the length of the ground line AB.
6 M
4 (e) Discuss: How Terrestrial Latitudes and Longitudes are determined.
4 M
4 (f) Write short note on, Spherical triangle and Spherical excess.
4 M

5 (a) Define Remote sensing and discuss types of remote sensing.
3 M
5 (b) Discuss, Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with earth surface.
4 M
5 (c) Discuss; spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolutions of remote sensing. Briefly discus various operations involved in digital image processing for remote sensing.
7 M
5 (d) Discuss various receiver types used for GPS positioning.
4 M
5 (e) Define GIS and give its key components.
4 M
5 (f) Discuss integration of remote sensing and GIS and explain use of RS & GIS data in preparation of Land use/ Land cover map.
6 M



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