VTU Mechanical Engineering (Semester 7)
Non Conventional Energy Sources
December 2015
Total marks: --
Total time: --
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Assume appropriate data and state your reasons
(2) Marks are given to the right of every question
(3) Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary


1 (a) Explain Tar sands and oil shale as energy source and also mention their limitations.
10 M
1 (b) What is the need for alternate energy sources? Explain by considering solar energy.
5 M
1 (c) Discuss the limitations of non-conventional sources of energy.
5 M

2 (a) Define the following: i) Latitude ii) Declination angle iii) Surface azimuth angle iv) Hour angle v) Zenith angle.
10 M
2 (b) With a neat sketch, explain the working of pyranometers?
5 M
2 (c) Write short notes on spectral distribution of extra terrestrial radiation.
5 M

3 (a) Calculate the monthly average hourly radiation falling on a flat plate collector facing south (γ=0°) with a slope of 15°, given the following data:
Location: Chennai (13° 00' N); Month: October; Time: 1100 to 1200 (LAT); Ig: 2408 kJ/m2-h; Id: 1073 kJ/m2-h;
Assume ground reflectivity to be 0.2.
10 M
3 (b) Describe solar pond for solar energy collection and storage.
6 M
3 (c) Explain how solar energy can be used for drying, with a neat sketch.
4 M

4 (a) Explain briefly the parameters affecting the performance of flat plate collectors.
6 M
4 (b) Derive the expression for transmissivity based on reflection-refraction at the interface of two media.
8 M
4 (c) Write short notes on collector efficiency factor and collector heat removal factor.
6 M

5 (a) Describe the main considerations in selecting the site for wind generators.
8 M
5 (b) Explain with a neat sketch, the working of a photo-voltaic cell. Draw I-V characteristics.
6 M
5 (c) With a neat sketch, explain the horizontal axis wind machine.
6 M

6 (a) With a neat sketch and T-S diagram, explain the concept of liquid dominated total flow system of generating geothermal energy.
8 M
6 (b) Explain with a neat sketch, the working principle of closed cycle OTEC plant.
6 M
6 (c) Sketch and explain single basin type tidal power plant operation.
6 M

7 (a) Explain the process of photosynthesis. What are the conditions which are necessary for it?
6 M
7 (b) List the factors affecting biogas generation.
4 M
7 (c) Sketch and explain the working of floating gas holder type biogas plant used in India (KVIC plant).
10 M

8 (a) Explain the process of electrolytic production of hydrogen, with a neat sketch.
8 M
8 (b) Explain briefly the different methods of hydrogen storage.
6 M
8 (c) Describe how hydrogen can be used as an alternative fuel for motor vehicles.
6 M



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